E-cigarettes are about twice as effective as nicotine patches in helping pregnant women quit smoking

E-cigarettes are as safe for pregnant women as nicotine patches and may help more women quit smoking, according to a new study from Queen Mary University of London. The study, published May 16 in Nature Medicine, is the first to examine the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes in pregnant smokers.

While many women stop smoking during pregnancy, others, especially those from low-income households, find it difficult to quit. So far, two smoking cessation drugs have been tested on pregnant smokers: nicotine replacement therapy such as nicotine gum or patches, and bupropion - an antidepressant. The effects of nicotine replacement therapy were relatively small, while bupropion had no effect.

Similar to non-pregnant smokers, e-cigarettes may be more successful than nicotine patches and have no additional dangers to mothers or newborns during pregnancy, new research finds.

The study involved 1,140 pregnant smokers who were randomized into two groups. One group was given the e-cigarette, while the other was given the nicotine patch. Results showed that smoking cessation rates at the end of pregnancy were better in the e-cigarette group than in the patch group (6.8% vs 4.4%, p<0.02).

Those quit rates were low, though, because the researchers asked participants to post saliva samples to confirm non-smoking, and few did. By self-reported smoking cessation at the end of pregnancy, 19.8% vs 9.7% (p<0.001) quit smoking in both groups. Thirty-four percent of women in the e-cigarette group and 6 percent in the patch group used its products at the end of their pregnancy.

Birth outcomes and adverse effects were similar in both groups of women, with the exception of low birth weight (infants weighing less than 2.5 kg at birth), which were less in the vaping group (9.8% vs 14.8%), most likely because of the vaping group women smoke less.

Professor Peter Hajek, Director of the Health and Lifestyle Research Unit at Queen Mary, University of London, said: "While pregnant smokers are better off quitting without continuing nicotine use, if this is difficult, e-cigarettes can help smokers quit, and It's as safe as a nicotine patch. Many smoking cessation services have made e-cigarettes a popular choice for smokers. It can now also be used in pregnant women's smoking cessation services."

Professor Peter Hajek, Director of the Health and Lifestyle Research Unit at Queen Mary, University of London, said: "While pregnant smokers are better off quitting without continuing nicotine use, if this is difficult, e-cigarettes can help smokers quit, and It’s as safe as a nicotine patch. Many smoking cessation services have made e-cigarettes a popular choice for smokers. It is now available in pregnant women’s smoking cessation services.”

Similar to non-pregnant smokers, e-cigarettes may be more successful than nicotine patches and have no additional dangers to mothers or newborns during pregnancy, new research finds.

The study involved 1,140 pregnant smokers who were randomized into two groups. One group was given the e-cigarette, while the other was given the nicotine patch. Results showed that smoking cessation rates at the end

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